Gelborange / #dd7907 Hex-Farbcode

Die Farbe gelborange mit dem hexadezimalen Farbcode #dd7907 ist ein Farbton von Braun. Im RGB-Farbmodell enthält #dd7907 86.67% Rot, 47.45% Grün und 2.75% Blau. Im HSL-Farbraum hat #dd7907 einen Farbtonwinkel von 32° (Grad), 94% Sättigung und 45% Helligkeit. Diese Farbe hat eine ungefähre Wellenlänge von 588.48 nm.

Stockfotografie

Sparen Sie 15% beim monatlichen iStock-Abonnement mit dem Code MONTHLY15.

Farbvariationen

• Invertiert
  #2286f8
• 25% gesättigt
  #f87b00
• Graustufe
  #727272
• 25% heller
  #f89525
• Original
  #dd7907
• 25% dunkler
  #b16106
• Webfarbe: red
  #ff0000 / #f00
• 25% entsättigt
  #c8781c
• HTML: chocolate
  #d2691e

Benannte Farben

• Eng verwandt

  1. Tieforange
     #ec7c25
  2. Tieforange
     #ec7c26
  3. Hellrotorange
     #f3752c
  4. Pastellorange
     #ff7514
  5. Pastellorange
     #fa842b

• Intermediär ähnlich

  1. Perlmausgrau
     #898176
  2. Zementgrau
     #818979
  3. Verkehrspurpur
     #992572
  4. Mahagonibraun
     #4c2f27
  5. Weißgrün
     #bdecb6

• Entfernt verwandt

  1. Tiefschwarz
     #0a0a0a
  2. Tiefschwarz
     #0a0a0d
  3. Graphitschwarz
     #1c1c1c
  4. Verkehrs-
     #1e1e1e
  5. Schwarzbraun
     #212121

Farbschemas

Herunterladen:

• Komplementär

  • #0097e4

• Analog

  • #e40f00
  • #e4c600

• Geteilt

  • #0088e4
  • #00b7e4

• Triade

  • #3500e4
  • #00e4c6

• Quadratisch

  • #00e471
  • #0097e4
  • #c71da8

• Tetradisch

  • #88dc08
  • #0097e4
  • #3500e4

#dd7907 linearer Farbverlauf zur Komplementärfarbe #0097e4

1. #dd7907
2. #d17e3e
3. #c28361
4. #af8881
5. #968da2
6. #7092c3
7. #0097e4

Monochrome Farben

1. #bc5e00
2. #c76700
3. #d27000
4. #dd7907
5. #e88217
6. #f38c23
7. #ff952e

Töne

1. #dd7907
2. #ce7827
3. #be7739
4. #ad7649
5. #9b7557
6. #887465
7. #727272

Farbtöne und Schattierungen

#dd7907 nach Weiß

1. #dd7907
2. #e88f3d
3. #f1a564
4. #f9bb8a
5. #fed1b0
6. #ffe8d7
7. #ffffff / #fff

#dd7907 nach Schwarz

1. #dd7907
2. #b5640f
3. #8f5011
4. #6a3d12
5. #482a10
6. #28190a
7. #000000 / #000

Farben

Ähnliche Farben

1. Color Truck System

   1. ★ 1*050 / 1*050
      #de7900 ΔE = 0.350 / LRV ≈ 29.2%
   2. ★ 1*051 / 1*051
      #e57e00 ΔE = 2.295 / LRV ≈ 31.6%

2. TRUMATCH

   1. ★ 8-a2
      #dd7a00 ΔE = 0.588 / LRV ≈ 29.3%
   2. 8-a3
      #d27400 ΔE = 2.723 / LRV ≈ 26.2%

3. Volvo

   1. ★ Amarillo Calcita / ST1383
      #da7d13 ΔE = 1.298 / LRV ≈ 29.6%

4. Australian Standard AS2700

   1. ★ X12 Pumpkin
      #dc7e1a ΔE = 1.479 / LRV ≈ 30.2%
   2. X13 Marigold
      #ed7f14 ΔE = 3.779 / LRV ≈ 33.2%

5. Natural Color System / NCS

   1. ★ S 2070-Y20R
      #e5780e ΔE = 1.901 / LRV ≈ 30.1%
   2. S 2060-Y20R
      #ec8621 ΔE = 4.922 / LRV ≈ 35.0%

6. Pantone / PMS

   1. ★ 152
      #d97300 ΔE = 1.964 / LRV ≈ 27.0%
   2. 1385
      #c97a00 ΔE = 4.528 / LRV ≈ 26.3%

7. TVR

   1. ★ Trophy Yellow / FAR
      #d67400 ΔE = 2.066 / LRV ≈ 26.8%

8. Sigma

   1. ★ Orange Terra / 2000
      #dd7b25 ΔE = 2.128 / LRV ≈ 29.7%
   2. Orange Terra / S 2070-Y40R
      #cf762e ΔE = 4.415 / LRV ≈ 26.4%

9. Federal Standard

   1. ★ Federal Standard 12243
      #e37300 ΔE = 2.199 / LRV ≈ 28.6%
   2. Federal Standard 12473
      #ed7a00 ΔE = 3.257 / LRV ≈ 31.9%

10. Opaltone / OMS

    1. ★ 4503
       #dd7d27 ΔE = 2.221 / LRV ≈ 30.2%
    2. 4033
       #e38233 ΔE = 4.090 / LRV ≈ 32.5%

11. Valspar Paint

    1. ★ Burnt Brick
       #da8011 ΔE = 2.280 / LRV ≈ 30.4%
    2. Roman Orange
       #d27d2b ΔE = 2.929 / LRV ≈ 28.5%

12. RAL

    1. ★ RAL 370-5
       #d4781f ΔE = 2.284 / LRV ≈ 27.5%
    2. RAL 370-4
       #e68316 ΔE = 3.468 / LRV ≈ 33.1%

13. Toyo Ink

    1. ★ CF10154
       #e47f0b ΔE = 2.299 / LRV ≈ 31.7%
    2. CF10158
       #ce7b28 ΔE = 3.330 / LRV ≈ 27.4%

14. General Paint

    1. Total Joke / CL 1657N
       #df7d27 ΔE = 2.381 / LRV ≈ 30.5%
    2. Knickerbocker / CL 1656N
       #e38632 ΔE = 4.441 / LRV ≈ 33.6%

15. Dulux

    1. Nigerian Sands 4 / 90YR 31/605
       #d77e29 ΔE = 2.389 / LRV ≈ 29.5%
    2. 00YY 28/650
       #cf8129 ΔE = 3.656 / LRV ≈ 29.1%

16. Delta

    1. Dark Goldenrod / 025190202W
       #e07e27 ΔE = 2.482 / LRV ≈ 30.9%
    2. Orange Soda / 02692
       #f5750b ΔE = 5.234 / LRV ≈ 32.2%

17. Caparol

    1. 115 / 115 Granadabra+Orange 1/1
       #e4781c ΔE = 2.497 / LRV ≈ 30.0%
    2. 10/10
       #e87c24 ΔE = 3.422 / LRV ≈ 31.7%

18. Behr

    1. Bonfire 270B-7
       #d77b2a ΔE = 2.601 / LRV ≈ 28.8%
    2. Fired Up T17-19
       #d37a38 ΔE = 4.634 / LRV ≈ 28.1%

19. GM / General Motors

    1. Yellow
       #db7b2a ΔE = 2.618 / LRV ≈ 29.4%
    2. Desert Sunset
       #da8300 ΔE = 3.713 / LRV ≈ 31.1%

20. Dutch Boy

    1. Crayola Yellow Orange
       #e18126 ΔE = 2.792 / LRV ≈ 31.9%
    2. Spicy Curry
       #d28240 ΔE = 4.880 / LRV ≈ 30.0%

21. Alcro

    1. Papaya
       #d47205 ΔE = 2.823 / LRV ≈ 26.0%

22. Loop

    1. Haarlem / LP-121
       #e78010 ΔE = 2.902 / LRV ≈ 32.5%
    2. Utrecht / LP-122
       #ec6f07 ΔE = 4.507 / LRV ≈ 29.2%

23. Bentley

    1. Electric Yellow / 9561069
       #d17400 ΔE = 2.904 / LRV ≈ 26.0%

24. HKS

    1. HKS 8
       #ea7c13 ΔE = 2.951 / LRV ≈ 32.0%
    2. HKS 7
       #ec870e ΔE = 5.215 / LRV ≈ 35.2%

25. Crayola

    1. Mango Tango
       #e77200 ΔE = 2.967 / LRV ≈ 29.0%
    2. Alloy Orange
       #dd8436 ΔE = 4.029 / LRV ≈ 32.1%

26. Nippon Paint

    1. Orange Originality / NP AC 2057 A
       #dc812e ΔE = 3.003 / LRV ≈ 31.1%
    2. Exciting Orange / NP AC 2068 A
       #d9792d ΔE = 3.292 / LRV ≈ 28.6%

27. Mitsubishi

    1. Dandelion Yellow / ZG
       #ea7e05 ΔE = 3.036 / LRV ≈ 32.4%

28. Albany Paint

    1. Ginger Spice
       #db6f02 ΔE = 3.115 / LRV ≈ 26.4%
    2. Satsuma
       #f27900 ΔE = 4.268 / LRV ≈ 32.6%

29. Teknos

    1. FI018
       #d68002 ΔE = 3.118 / LRV ≈ 29.7%

30. Peintures MF

    1. Accent d'orange
       #d8832a ΔE = 3.147 / LRV ≈ 31.0%
    2. Pavot doré
       #d8871d ΔE = 4.475 / LRV ≈ 32.0%

31. ICI Paints

    1. 3374 Sunlit Topaz 90YR 31/605
       #d57a2d ΔE = 3.150 / LRV ≈ 28.3%
    2. Pumpkin Face 00YY 34/562
       #d48535 ΔE = 4.168 / LRV ≈ 31.0%

32. Devoe Paint

    1. Sunlit Topaz / 90YR 31/605
       #da822f ΔE = 3.154 / LRV ≈ 31.1%
    2. Orange Bitters / 80YR 28/650
       #dc7728 ΔE = 3.182 / LRV ≈ 28.6%

33. CIL

    1. Orange Bitters
       #d87729 ΔE = 3.218 / LRV ≈ 28.0%
    2. Golden Amber
       #cd8223 ΔE = 4.250 / LRV ≈ 29.1%

34. UMM

    1. Jaune / 333
       #ec7a11 ΔE = 3.285 / LRV ≈ 31.8%

35. Bristol

    1. Pumpkin Blush / P038-W7
       #d67f33 ΔE = 3.365 / LRV ≈ 29.7%
    2. Clay Paver / P038-W6
       #e1892f ΔE = 4.835 / LRV ≈ 34.1%

36. Focoltone

    1. 3507
       #ee7900 ΔE = 3.453 / LRV ≈ 31.9%
    2. 1159
       #c67500 ΔE = 5.041 / LRV ≈ 24.7%

37. Matthews Paint

    1. Fiesta Orange / 29633
       #e9811a ΔE = 3.455 / LRV ≈ 33.1%
    2. Navel Orange / 29653
       #eb811b ΔE = 3.795 / LRV ≈ 33.4%

38. Lamborghini

    1. Giallo Evros / 0055
       #e97100 ΔE = 3.472 / LRV ≈ 29.1%

39. Aston Martin

    1. Giallo Evros / AST5035D
       #e97100 ΔE = 3.472 / LRV ≈ 29.1%
    2. Giallo Modena Ferrari / AST5018D
       #ee7100 ΔE = 4.246 / LRV ≈ 30.0%

40. Sikkens

    1. E0.62.53
       #dc772b ΔE = 3.570 / LRV ≈ 28.6%
    2. E6.64.53
       #ce832a ΔE = 4.218 / LRV ≈ 29.5%

41. Brillux

    1. 15.21.18
       #cc7b27 ΔE = 3.614 / LRV ≈ 27.2%
    2. 18.24.18
       #f38009 ΔE = 4.929 / LRV ≈ 34.5%

42. Great Wall

    1. Taxi Yellow / 0303A
       #ef7b00 ΔE = 3.696 / LRV ≈ 32.5%

43. Chrysler

    1. Amber Fire
       #da8300 ΔE = 3.713 / LRV ≈ 31.1%
    2. Orange
       #d6772e ΔE = 3.862 / LRV ≈ 27.7%

44. Evonik-Degussa

    1. 276
       #d78526 ΔE = 3.720 / LRV ≈ 31.4%
    2. 253A Coronette Orange
       #ef821c ΔE = 4.630 / LRV ≈ 34.4%

45. Fabric Creations

    1. Orange Juice / 26329
       #eb7e23 ΔE = 3.858 / LRV ≈ 32.7%

46. Color Profi System Uni

    1. 1*01*18.00 / 1*01*18.00
       #db8513 ΔE = 3.866 / LRV ≈ 31.9%

47. Benjamin Moore

    1. Pumpkin Blush / 2156-20
       #cd802e ΔE = 3.903 / LRV ≈ 28.6%
    2. Autumn Orange / 2156-10
       #c67727 ΔE = 4.913 / LRV ≈ 25.3%

48. Flügger

    1. Flower Power (IN-784)
       #df6c00 ΔE = 4.000 / LRV ≈ 26.4%

49. Dunn-Edwards

    1. Flame / 1627
       #d28239 ΔE = 4.174 / LRV ≈ 30.0%
    2. Clay Terrace / 1667
       #d4823c ΔE = 4.384 / LRV ≈ 30.3%

50. Mack

    1. Caution Yellow / 8164
       #eb6f00 ΔE = 4.183 / LRV ≈ 29.0%

51. Pratt & Lambert

    1. Mexican Orange 9-14
       #d28438 ΔE = 4.293 / LRV ≈ 30.5%
    2. Fresh Nasturtium 8-12
       #ec8230 ΔE = 5.066 / LRV ≈ 34.0%

52. Brighto Paints

    1. 2-8-7 Buff Orange
       #cc7e35 ΔE = 4.308 / LRV ≈ 28.0%
    2. 2-9-7 Sunshine Coast
       #d18731 ΔE = 4.802 / LRV ≈ 31.1%

53. Suzuki

    1. Bahamas Beige / 27U
       #cb7a30 ΔE = 4.315 / LRV ≈ 26.8%

54. Earthpaint

    1. 2-9-7 Sunshine Coast
       #ca7b30 ΔE = 4.358 / LRV ≈ 26.9%
    2. 2-10-7 Golden Rattan
       #d68829 ΔE = 4.690 / LRV ≈ 32.1%

55. Plascon

    1. Goose Bill O6-C1-1
       #c87824 ΔE = 4.382 / LRV ≈ 25.8%
    2. Toffee Fudge O5-C1-2
       #cc8038 ΔE = 4.527 / LRV ≈ 28.6%

56. California Paints

    1. DE 5229 - Clay Terrace
       #d4823c ΔE = 4.384 / LRV ≈ 30.3%
    2. New Wave
       #f07921 ΔE = 4.853 / LRV ≈ 32.3%

57. Clark+Kensington

    1. Autumn Haze / 13C-7
       #dc8828 ΔE = 4.419 / LRV ≈ 33.0%

58. Tollens

    1. UC012 Orange Copenhague
       #e5871f ΔE = 4.425 / LRV ≈ 34.1%

59. British Standard

    1. BS381 568 - Apricot
       #e18731 ΔE = 4.426 / LRV ≈ 33.6%
    2. BS 4800 06 E 56 - Maori brown / Nectarine
       #c77311 ΔE = 4.867 / LRV ≈ 24.4%

60. Dupont

    1. CAS220
       #cc7e00 ΔE = 4.466 / LRV ≈ 27.8%
    2. CAS180
       #ca8039 ΔE = 4.826 / LRV ≈ 28.3%

61. Berger

    1. Bergamot Orange / 7981
       #d9863a ΔE = 4.491 / LRV ≈ 32.1%
    2. Mandarin Grove / 7965
       #cb8135 ΔE = 4.535 / LRV ≈ 28.7%

62. Asian Paints

    1. Dusky Saffron / 7981
       #d9863a ΔE = 4.491 / LRV ≈ 32.1%

63. Scib Paints

    1. Bergamot Orange / 7981
       #d9863a ΔE = 4.491 / LRV ≈ 32.1%
    2. Mandarin Grove / 7965
       #cb8135 ΔE = 4.535 / LRV ≈ 28.7%

64. Vista Paint

    1. Bergamot Orange
       #d9863a ΔE = 4.491 / LRV ≈ 32.1%
    2. Mandarin Grove
       #cb8135 ΔE = 4.535 / LRV ≈ 28.7%

65. Volkswagen

    1. Amber
       #dd7c38 ΔE = 4.539 / LRV ≈ 30.1%
    2. Marino Yellow
       #d18731 ΔE = 4.802 / LRV ≈ 31.1%

66. Glidden

    1. Sunlit Topaz / 90YR 31/605
       #dc8833 ΔE = 4.544 / LRV ≈ 33.1%

67. ProMarker

    1. Raw Sienna
       #c97300 ΔE = 4.549 / LRV ≈ 24.7%
    2. Pumpkin
       #f18001 ΔE = 4.564 / LRV ≈ 34.1%

68. Sico

    1. 6089-74 Hallowe'en Orange
       #da823d ΔE = 4.559 / LRV ≈ 31.2%
    2. 6090-74 Bombay Rooftops
       #dd8837 ΔE = 4.727 / LRV ≈ 33.3%

69. Crown Diamond

    1. 7231-74 Hallowe'en Orange
       #da823d ΔE = 4.559 / LRV ≈ 31.2%
    2. 7230-74 Bombay Rooftops
       #dd8837 ΔE = 4.727 / LRV ≈ 33.3%

70. Resene

    1. Dixie Y68-146-070
       #cd8431 ΔE = 4.592 / LRV ≈ 29.7%
    2. Tree Poppy O70-166-064
       #e2813b ΔE = 4.915 / LRV ≈ 32.2%

71. Rolls Royce

    1. Bright Yellow / FV48-1E6W
       #db6a00 ΔE = 4.609 / LRV ≈ 25.4%

72. Ferrari

    1. Giallo Modena / 102
       #e66b00 ΔE = 4.639 / LRV ≈ 27.3%
    2. Giallo Modena / 4305
       #ed6e00 ΔE = 4.668 / LRV ≈ 29.2%

73. Otokar

    1. Ral 1021 Sari Opak / M151560
       #f37500 ΔE = 4.649 / LRV ≈ 31.8%

74. Laura Ashley

    1. 716 October Bronze
       #d8813e ΔE = 4.655 / LRV ≈ 30.7%

75. Ressource Peintures

    1. Carrot / VINT01
       #eb7828 ΔE = 4.698 / LRV ≈ 31.3%

76. Colorhouse

    1. Petal .01
       #df892a ΔE = 4.722 / LRV ≈ 33.8%

77. Coronado Paint

    1. 7981 - Bergamot Orange
       #d47b3a ΔE = 4.728 / LRV ≈ 28.5%

78. Morgan

    1. Yellow / 10727
       #dc8817 ΔE = 4.757 / LRV ≈ 32.9%

79. Dulux Australia

    1. Coppersmith / A133
       #d9853f ΔE = 4.834 / LRV ≈ 31.9%

80. Taubmans

    1. Clay Paver / T12 17.G4
       #e1892f ΔE = 4.835 / LRV ≈ 34.1%
    2. Pumpkin Pie / T12 18.H3
       #ea8335 ΔE = 5.233 / LRV ≈ 34.0%

81. Smart

    1. Hello Yellow / C05L
       #e48700 ΔE = 4.854 / LRV ≈ 33.8%

82. Lascaux

    1. Cadmium­ orange medium / 122
       #f17c21 ΔE = 4.876 / LRV ≈ 33.2%

83. Sherwin-Williams

    1. Amber Wave - 6657
       #d28240 ΔE = 4.880 / LRV ≈ 30.0%
    2. Navel - 6887
       #ec8430 ΔE = 5.188 / LRV ≈ 34.6%

84. Audi

    1. Solar Orange / 3F3F, 3FPA, LY2G
       #f27719 ΔE = 4.945 / LRV ≈ 32.1%
    2. Cadiz Orange / L21C
       #ea7426 ΔE = 5.048 / LRV ≈ 30.1%

85. UNKNOWN

    1. Suzuki Yellow / SUZ.SY002.0
       #ee6d00 ΔE = 5.012 / LRV ≈ 29.1%

86. Ford

    1. Suede
       #d87c3d ΔE = 5.075 / LRV ≈ 29.4%
    2. Orange
       #d37028 ΔE = 5.172 / LRV ≈ 25.6%

87. Duron

    1. Saucy Gold
       #c9803b ΔE = 5.081 / LRV ≈ 28.2%

88. Little Greene

    1. Marigold
       #f0841f ΔE = 5.136 / LRV ≈ 35.1%

89. Nerolac

    1. Desert Sunset - 4574
       #ce7b3c ΔE = 5.177 / LRV ≈ 27.6%

90. Testors

    1. Testors 2527C
       #f37000 ΔE = 5.237 / LRV ≈ 30.6%

Farbenfehlsichtigkeit

Monochromie

• Achromatopsie
  #8a8a8a
• Achromatom
  #b0824e

Dichromatik

• Protanopie
  #b2b123
• Deuteranopie
  #b8bf29
• Tritanopie
  #d8383d

Trichromie

• Protanomalie
  #d69a15
• Deuteranomalie
  #c99317
• Tritanomalie
  #da5b1c

#dd7907 Beispiele für HTML und CSS

<p style="color: #dd7907">…</p>

<p style="background-color: #dd7907">…</p>

<p style="text-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.15em #dd7907">…</p>

Farbkompositionsdiagramme

• RGB

  

• CMYK

  

• RYB

  

Farbräume

Dezimalzahl

14514439

Binär

11011101, 01111001, 00000111

Hexadezimal

#dd7907

LRV

≈ 29.1%

Naheste kurze Hexadezimalzahl

#d70 ΔE = 0.566

RGB

rgb(221, 121, 7)

RGBA

rgba(221, 121, 7, 1.0)

RG-Chromatizität

r: 0.633, g: 0.347, b: 0.020

RYB

Rot: 76.361%, Gelb: 86.667%, Blau: 2.745%

Android / android.graphics.Color

-2262777 / 0xffdd7907

HSL

hsl(32, 94%, 45%)

HSLA

hsla(32, 94%, 45%, 1.0)

HSV / HSB

Farbton: 32° (31.963), Sättigung: 97% (0.968), Wert: 87% (0.867)

HSP

Farbton: 31.963, Sättigung: 96.833%, wahrgenommene Helligkeit: 59.736%

HSL_uv (HUSL)

H: 34.298, S: 99.137, L: 60.840

Cubehelix

H: 28.555, S: 1.234, L: 0.543

TSL

T: 2.647, S: 0.403, L: 0.541

CMYK

Cyan: 0% (0.000), Magenta: 45% (0.452), Gelb: 97% (0.968), Schwarzanteil Key: 13% (0.133)

CMY

Cyan: 13% (0.133), Magenta: 53% (0.525), Gelb: 97% (0.973)

XYZ

X: 36.698, Y: 29.067, Z: 3.879

xyY

x: 0.527, y: 0.417, Y: 29.067

CIELab

L: 60.840, a: 32.879, b: 66.676

CIELuv

L: 60.840, u: 83.238, v: 56.777

CIELCH / LCHab

L: 60.840, C: 74.341, H: 63.752

CIELUV / LCHuv

L: 60.840, C: 100.758, H: 34.298

Hunter-Lab

L: 53.913, a: 27.154, b: 33.474

CIECAM02

J: 53.059, C: 64.257, h: 60.632, Q: 143.513, M: 56.192, s: 62.574, H: 54.678

OSA-UCS

Leichtigkeit: -9.772, Gelb: 8.640, Grün: -5.133

LMS

L: 38.749, M: 23.543, S: 4.320

YCbCr

Y: 134.467, Cb: 63.154, Cr: 179.994

YCoCg

Y: 117.500, Cg: 3.500, Co: 108.750

YDbDr

Y: 137.904, Db: -196.962, Dr: -158.038

YPbPr

Y: 134.092, Pb: -68.500, Pr: 55.244

xvYCC

Y: 131.161, Cb: 67.827, Cr: 176.528

YIQ

Y: 137.904, I: 96.196, Q: -14.324

YUV

Y: 137.904, U: -64.416, V: 72.901

Munsell-Farbsystem

7.5YR 6/14 ΔE = 1.547

Markenfarbe

Amazon ΔE = 1.707

Zufällige Farben

• #1a00ac
• #4cf1ef
• #1307c2
• #a7f817
• #540fd0

Rot

• #ddb1a7
• #6d3c3a
• #e05023
• #ba1916
• #bd9191

Grün

• #4dea60
• #7b9552
• #99d5a5
• #6f8e5b
• #0f7e1f

Blau

• #30448a
• #668adf
• #b8c2db
• #3b3f5e
• #737ecb